Shield for x-ray tubes.



R. FRIEDLANDER. SHIELD FOR X-RAY TUBES.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 9, 1903.

N0 MODEL PATENTED JUNE 23, 1903.

Patented June 23, 1903.

PATENT @rricia;

ROBERT FRIEDLANDER', 0t" CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

SHIELD FOR X-RAY TUBES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 731,767, dated June 23, 1903.

Application filed March 9, 1903.

To all whom it may concern: 7,

Beit known that I, ROBERT FRIEDLANDER, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Shields for X-Ray Tubes, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to ray-intercepting shields forXand other like ray tubes, and has for itsobject to provide a simple and efficient construction of such shields of an extremely light and very durable nature and which is adapted to intercept or stop off such portions as desired of the rays emanating from the ray-tube in a very efficient manner and which in a practical and close applica tion to a ray-tube will not constitute a short circuit between the terminal connections of zo the ray-tube under ordinary and normal conditions.

The accompanying drawing, illustrative of the present invention,is a sectional elevation of a ray-tube shield, illustrating a preferred form of the present invention, the ray-tube being shown in elevation with the shield in proper relation thereto. Referring to the drawing, 1 represents a ray-tube-of any usual form and having the usual tubular necks 2, 3, and 4, through which the difierent circuit-terminals of the tube have connection with the source of electrical energy.

5 is the ray-tube shield of the present invention, which may be of any suitable and convenient form that a particular use of the device may suggest or require, but which is preferably of the semispherical shell-like construction shown in the drawing, in that the sameis adapted foracomparati-vely close application to the ray-tube, in consequence -.of which such shield can be made of a minicated in the shield as to be on a line with the center part of the anticathode-mirror of the Serial No. 147,021. (No model.)

ray-tube in order to receive the more direct and central rays reflected from such mirror.

7 and Sare marginal recesses formed in the shield l and which are adapted to receive the tubular necks 2, 3, and 4 of the ray-tube, so as to have supporting engagement there with and so that the shield may be supported in place without any other and independent means of support when so desired.

A material part of the present invention consists in a structural formation of the shield, so that the same will have extreme lightness and at the same time possess in a maximum degree opacity to the passage of the rays from a ray-tube, and to such end the structure of such shield will comprise a body portion 9, of paper-pulp or other like light and strong material, and a series of superimposed layers 10 of lead or other equivalent foil, embedded in such body portion 9, in any ordinary manner. In the preferred form ofconstruction, as shown in the drawing, such layers of lead-foil will be greatestin number nearest the outlet neck or orifice 6, so as to afford the greatest degree of opacity adjacent 'to such neck or orifice, and will gradually decrease in number toward the zone of such shield exposed to the direct rays from the ray-tube and by such means compensate for the greater number or more powerful rays which are to be intercepted by the center portion of the shield as distinguished from the outer portion of the same. As so constructed the extended marginal portions of the screen and in which are formed the aforesaid recesses 7 and 8 are of a non-conducting nature and in consequence constitute a direct connecting or attaching means for the ray-tube, as heretofore described.

Extended practical experiments with the present improved shield disclose the fact that the present combination of lead-foil layers and supporting body or frame of papiermztch in addition to affording a very light and portable article also permits of a very close arrangement of the shield to the walls of the ray-tube without liability to the operating-current sparking over the same to cause an increase in the vacuum' of the ray-tube and a probable puncture of the same and which would be the case with a shield of the present form and made wholly of lead. Such experiments have also shown that with fourteen layers of lead-foil each one five-hundredths of an inch in thickness an opacity to X-rays was attained equal to that afiorded by a single lead plate having a thickness of twenty-five hundredths of an inch. k The outlet neck or opening 6 is formed in the same manner as the main portion of the shield and Will be of some length, so that it will be adaptedto receive a series of ordinary 'caps having orifices of different diameters, so that the operator can regulate at will the size of the outlet-orifice for the rays from the raytube and in a manner quite common in ordinary photographic work.

Having thus fully described my said invention, what I claim as new, and desire -to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A shield for ray-tubes, 'of the character herein described, formed with a body portion of paper-p11] p or-the like, and a series of layers of lead-foil embedded therein, substantially as set forth.

2. A shield for ray-tubes, of the character herein described, formed with a body portion of paper-pulp or thelike, andaseries-of layers of lead-foil embedded therein, said layers increasing in number toward the central portion of the shield, substantially as set forth.

3. A shield for ray-tubes," of the character herein described, formed with a body portion of paper-pulp or the likeand having a semispherical form, and a series of layers of leadfoil embedded therein, substantially as set forth.

4. A shield for ray-tubes, of the character herein described, formed with a body portion of paper-pulp or the like and havinga semispherical form, anda seriesof layers of leadfoilembedded therein, said layers increasing in number toward the central portion of the shield, substantially as set forth.

5. A shield for ray-tubes, of the character herein described, formed with a body portion of paper-pulp or the like and having an outlet-neck of some length, and a series of layers of lead-foil embedded .in said body portion, substantially as set forth.

6. A shield for ray-tubes, of the character .herein described, formed with a body portion of paper-pulp or the like and having an outlet-neck of some length, and a series of layers of lead-foil embedded in said body portion, said layers increasing in number toward the central portion of the shield, substantiallyas set forth.

7. A shield for ray-tubes, of the character herein described, formed with a semispherioal body portion of paper-pulp or the like and provided with an outlet-neck of some length,

in said body portion, substantially as set forth.

8. A shield for ray-tubes, of the character .and a'series of layers of lead-foil embedded I .65 herein described, formed with a semispherical 

